Adoption Process
"There are two different tracks in terms of the adoption process: the U.S. side and the Korean side. On the U.S. side, most of our work was done upfront, such as the grueling home study and submission to be matched with the Korean agency. Once we were matched, we had to formalize some documents to be sent to Korea and submitted for an immigration permit to become a U.S. citizen when he lands on U.S. soil (the Certificate of Citizenship will be mailed to us about six months after he arrives).
On the Korean side, it’s a lot more complicated because the adoption follows the laws of Korea, and specifically the Special Adoption Law that went into effect in August 2012. To get a better sense of the legal requirements, I read the law, but it is incredibly vague. Most of the information I’ve gathered has been interpretations by Family Court judges and Korean agencies since the law went into effect, which was graciously explained by the non-profit organization MPAK (Mission to Promote Adoption in Korea). This is my understanding based on reading all that information:
In Korea, the mother has to wait seven days after birth before she can relinquish the child. At the time of relinquishment, she signs documents granting permission for the child to be adopted overseas, and sets forth if and how she’d like to be contacted upon the approval by the Court. The child is then placed with a foster family, and the agency makes efforts to have the child adopted in Korea. If the child has not been adopted within the first five months in Korea, then the child can be placed for inter country adoption. Presumably, the agency goes through the home study packets of prospective parents and matches the parent to a child who would be a good fit, based on temperament and similarity to the parents.

Once the child is matched, and the prospective parents submit the acceptance paperwork, then the agency prepares to have the case file sent to the Ministry of Health for the child to receive an emigration permit to leave the country. These permits have a quota, and the ministry informs the agencies when they can submit for a permit. For every three children who are adopted domestically in Korea, two can receive a permit to be adopted inter country. This is called EP submission."

[We are now in the process of waiting for EP(exit permit) submission]  

"From submission, it takes anywhere from 1-5 months for EP approval from the Ministry, averaging around 2-3 months...Once the EP is approved, then the case file is submitted to the Family Court in Seoul. The case is assigned to a Family Court judge, who reviews the paperwork, and may seek additional information. The mother will also be contacted to be notified of the pending adoption, during which time she can contest the adoption and choose to parent. If the mother cannot be found, or doesn’t wish to be found, she needs to be served by public notice, which means to have a legal ad run in a newspaper.
After that time, a court date is assigned and the prospective parents are given a court date. [Some people get get one to two months to plan for the first trip to Korea.]  Others are given much quicker turnaround, like 2-3 weeks to travel.
Prior to court, the prospective parents meet the child twice and sign paperwork stating that they do wish to go forward with the adoption. Then you have court, which is an informal, uncontested hearing with a Family Court judge that lasts about 10 minutes. We were told that the judge really just wants to meet the family and put a face to the information he/she has read in the case file and wish us luck.
After court, the judge will issue a Preliminary Approval, and the Preliminary Approval must be served on the mother once again...Once it’s received, there is a two week period where the mother can again contact the court if she chooses to parent. Otherwise, after two weeks, there is an adoption order (Final Approval) and the prospective parents are then the legal parents. The only step left before leaving Korea is the visa interview with the U.S. Embassy in Seoul, where [our little guy] will receive his visa to fly into the U.S.
Following the return home, there is a year of follow up post-placement visits by the social worker who drafted the home study, the first beginning within the first two weeks of arrival. This is to ensure that everybody is adjusting well and that the parents have resources given to them that they might need to address any issues. These reports return back to Korea into the court file (I assume) and the agency file. The agency will keep a file at the post-placement department so parents can mail updates and presents to the foster family and/or the mother. This is a good avenue to convey a willingness to communicate directly with either the foster mother or mother directly with the family (such as through e-mail). The mother of the child can contact the agency to view the file at any time, and depending on whether she restricted the information or not, whether she viewed it can be relayed to the adoptive parents. The post-placement department would also be helpful in coordinating a search for parents in country when the child is older."

Yes, lots to take in.  


Sources:
https://footeinseoulblog.wordpress.com/2016/03/09/extra-post-additional-adoption-info/#more-2043